• 1764   England   Watt   Invented the steam engine
  
  
• 1774   Sweden   Scheele (pharmacist)   Discovered chlorine
  
  
• 1774   England   Priestley   Discovered oxygen   Air pollution and animal experiments on mice
  
  
• 1777   France   Lavoisier   Theory of combustion; Law of Conservation of Mass (1784)
  
  
• 1803   England   Dalton   Announced the existence of atoms and a table of atomic weights
  
  
• 1828   Germany   Wohler   Artificial synthesis of urea (beginning of organic chemistry)
  
  
• 1831   Germany   Liebig (pharmacist)   Discovered chloroform
  
  
• 1849   Germany   Hofmann   Discovered benzene from coal tar
  
  
• 1859   England   Darwin   On the Origin of Species published
  
  
• 1860   Germany   Kolbe   Synthesized acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) from carbolic acid
  
  
• 1866   Austria   Mendel   Mendel's Laws