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- Darwin (1802~1889) British natural scientist
- The Christian belief at the time ? God created all living things, and their forms were unchanging
- "On the Origin of Species" (1859) was the greatest intellectual revolution since the establishment of Christianity
- The theory of evolution fundamentally conflicted with the religious doctrines of the time, provoking fierce opposition from religious circles
- Ordinary people had a psychological resistance to the idea that "humans evolved from apes"
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