Bernard and His Students
- French physiologist.
- Demonstrated that living organisms are composed of various substances and established experimental physiology.
- In his later years, he expressed his research methods and principles in
An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine (1865).
- Human beings do not have the right to experiment on humans, but they do have the right to experiment on animals.
- Even if animal experiments cause suffering to animals, they are morally justified as long as they are beneficial to humans.
- To analyze biological phenomena, experiments must be conducted through vivisection.
- His wife and daughter, distressed by the fact that he conducted experiments on dogs without anesthesia, became involved in the anti-vivisection movement after Bernard's death.
- Human beings do not have the right to experiment on humans, but they do have the right to experiment on animals.
- Even if animal experiments cause suffering to animals, they are morally justified as long as they are beneficial to humans.
- To analyze biological phenomena, experiments must be conducted through vivisection.