The Discovery of Penicillin

英訳せよ英訳したい日本語の文章を送ってください。HTMLのままでも構いません。 Penicillin.html ファイル The Discovery of Penicillin

The Discovery of Penicillin

Alexander Fleming (British physician)

Treated wounded soldiers during World War I (1914); his main duties were washing wounds and disinfecting them with carbolic acid.

After experiencing the terrible infectious diseases suffered by wounded soldiers, he began searching after the war for drugs that could improve the treatment of infections.

Discovery of lysozyme (1919)

Lysozyme is an enzyme with antibacterial activity found in animal saliva and egg white. Fleming discovered it when he sneezed onto a Petri dish coated with bacteria, and several days later noticed that the bacterial colonies where the saliva had landed had been destroyed.

Discovery of penicillin (1928)

While culturing staphylococci, mold spores accidentally fell onto a Petri dish, and he noticed that the staphylococci surrounding the mold had dissolved.

Inspired by this observation, he cultured Penicillium mold in a liquid medium and confirmed through in vitro experiments that the filtered culture fluid contained an antibacterial substance. He named it “penicillin” after the genus name Penicillium (1929).

In 1940, antibacterial effects in vivo were demonstrated through animal experiments.

Many wounded soldiers were saved during World War II.

1945: Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (together with Florey and Chain).

The Discovery of Streptomycin

Tuberculosis spread among workers and citizens in the rapidly industrializing cities of the Industrial Revolution (mid-18th century to early 19th century) because of worsening labor environments and poor living conditions.

In Japan as well, it was feared as a fatal disease until shortly after World War II.

Selman Waksman (American scientist) discovered an antibiotic effective against the tuberculosis bacterium, a pathogen not affected by penicillin.

After Russia’s defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, Waksman emigrated to the United States.

He studied agriculture at university for four years and became especially interested in microorganisms in soil.

He discovered antibiotics from actinomycetes found in soil.

1946: Reported the clinical effectiveness of streptomycin against tuberculosis bacteria.

It inhibits protein synthesis in prokaryotic organisms (bacteria).

1952: Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.